Swollen glands

Swollen glands usually refers to enlarged lymph nodes, which are part of the immune system. They can enlarge while responding to infection or inflammation, but persistent lumps have other possible causes. Location, duration, growth and accompanying symptoms help determine whether examination, testing or follow-up is needed.

Which details should I notice?

Tell the clinician where the lump is, when you first noticed it and whether it is growing. Mention tenderness, a nearby sore throat, dental problem or skin infection. Also describe fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss or unusual bruising.

Avoid repeatedly pressing or squeezing the area to check it. This can make it sore without providing reliable information. Not every lump is a lymph node, and a photograph cannot establish its depth, texture or attachment to surrounding tissue.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Swollen lymph nodes (swollen glands) - Healthdirect Australia.

Do enlarged nodes always need tests?

Not necessarily. A doctor considers the clinical pattern and may recommend observation, blood tests, imaging or occasionally a tissue sample. The decision depends on findings, not simply the presence of a lump. Ask when it should be reviewed and what changes should prompt earlier care.

A node that remains enlarged, grows or occurs without an obvious infection deserves assessment. Do not assume a recent cold explains a lump indefinitely. Bring a timeline rather than relying on memory of whether it has changed. Telehealth can help establish urgency, but an examination is often needed to assess a persistent lump.

When should I seek prompt help?

Difficulty breathing or swallowing, marked neck swelling or a person who is very unwell needs urgent care. Call 000 for severe breathing difficulty or life-threatening symptoms. Persistent swelling with fever, weight loss or drenching night sweats also needs timely review. A previously reassuring assessment should be revisited if the lump changes or new symptoms appear.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.