Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is a hormonal condition that can affect menstrual cycles, androgen-related symptoms and metabolic health. It may involve irregular periods, acne or increased facial hair. The name can be misleading: an ultrasound appearance alone does not establish the diagnosis, and assessment considers several features together.

How is PCOS diagnosed?

A clinician reviews menstrual history, symptoms and selected tests while considering other explanations. The diagnostic approach differs in adolescents, so adult criteria should not be applied casually to a teenager. A scan showing follicles does not automatically mean someone has PCOS.

Record the timing of periods and any changes in hair growth, skin or scalp hair. Mention contraception, pregnancy possibility and fertility goals. Bring earlier blood results or scan reports rather than relying only on a previous verbal description.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) - Healthdirect Australia.

What does management focus on?

Priorities vary. One person may want help with irregular bleeding, another with skin symptoms, fertility or long-term metabolic risk. Care may include lifestyle support, monitoring and selected medical treatment. Weight is only one part of the discussion and should not replace assessment of symptoms and health goals.

Ask what follow-up is needed if periods are infrequent and whether checks for blood pressure, glucose or other risks are appropriate. A doctor decides which interventions fit your circumstances. Avoid assuming that a product marketed for hormone balance is safe, effective or suitable during pregnancy.

Can I become pregnant with PCOS?

PCOS can affect ovulation, but it does not mean pregnancy is impossible. If pregnancy is not desired, discuss suitable contraception; if it is desired, ask about planning and when to seek fertility assessment. Telehealth can support this discussion, but examination and testing may be necessary. Severe pelvic pain or heavy bleeding needs assessment independently of an existing PCOS diagnosis.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.