Over-the-counter

Over-the-counter means a medicine can be obtained without a prescription, although some products are available only from a pharmacy or after speaking with a pharmacist. It does not mean risk-free. Non-prescription medicines can cause side effects, interact with other treatment and be unsuitable for certain ages or health conditions.

Why are some products behind the counter?

Australian supply categories distinguish general-sale, pharmacy and pharmacist-only medicines. A pharmacist may need to ask questions before supplying a product, even though no prescription is required. Those questions help assess whether self-care is suitable or whether medical review is needed.

Describe symptoms, how long they have lasted and what you have already tried. Mention pregnancy, breastfeeding, allergies and other medicines. Do not assume a product is appropriate because it helped a family member or because a similar package is sold in a supermarket.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines - Healthdirect Australia.

What should I read on the label?

Check who the product is intended for, the dose, maximum use and warnings. Look for overlapping active ingredients when combining products. Different brands can contain the same ingredient, creating a risk of accidental duplication.

If instructions are unclear, ask the pharmacist rather than guessing. Do not give an adult product to a child by informally reducing the amount. Persistent symptoms should be assessed instead of repeatedly extending self-treatment beyond the recommended period.

When should I see a doctor?

Seek advice when symptoms are severe, recurring, worsening or unexplained, or when the pharmacist recommends medical assessment. Emergency symptoms require 000 or urgent care regardless of whether a product is available without a prescription.

See Doccio's online doctor service for suitable routine concerns. A doctor can review the underlying problem and decide whether examination, testing or treatment is appropriate. Tell them about over-the-counter products already used, because these are part of your medical history too.

Where to go next

Read prescription consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.