Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is a condition involving recurring abdominal pain and changes in bowel habit, such as constipation, diarrhoea or both. Bloating is common. A clinician assesses the pattern and checks for other explanations. IBS should not be used as a label for every unexplained digestive symptom.

How is IBS assessed?

A doctor asks about the relationship between pain and bowel movements, the duration of symptoms and any warning signs. Selected blood or stool tests may be useful. Not everyone needs the same investigations, and a normal test alone does not establish the diagnosis.

Keep a record of stool pattern, pain, meals and symptom impact. Mention family history, recent infections, travel and whether symptoms wake you from sleep. Blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss or fever should be discussed explicitly rather than treated as an expected part of IBS.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - Healthdirect Australia.

Should I cut out foods?

Some people find dietary changes useful, but a highly restrictive diet is not an automatic first step. A dietitian can help identify a structured approach and maintain adequate nutrition. Avoid permanently removing several food groups based on a short period of symptoms.

Management may also address bowel habits, stress, sleep and individual symptom relief. This does not mean the symptoms are imagined. Ask what the plan is intended to improve, how to judge progress and when to review it. A previous diagnosis should not prevent reassessment if the pattern changes.

When should I seek prompt care?

Severe or new abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, significant bleeding or dehydration needs urgent assessment. Ongoing weight loss or a major change in bowel habit also deserves review. Telehealth may help with a stable management discussion, but an examination and testing may be necessary when symptoms are new or do not fit the established pattern.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.