Genital herpes

Genital herpes is an infection caused by herpes simplex viruses. It may produce painful genital blisters or sores, but some people have mild symptoms or no recognised outbreaks. The virus can remain in the body between episodes. Assessment and testing help distinguish herpes from other causes of genital irritation or ulcers.

Does an outbreak tell me when infection happened?

Not reliably. Symptoms can first be recognised well after infection, and some people never notice an earlier episode. A diagnosis should not be used to draw conclusions about a partner's behaviour. Focus on accurate testing, symptom care and reducing transmission risk.

A clinician may take a swab from a fresh lesion. Tell them when symptoms began, whether this is the first episode and whether passing urine is painful. Blood tests have a different role and are not a simple substitute for examining or sampling an active sore.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Genital herpes - treatments, diagnosis, symptoms and prevention.

What should I discuss with a doctor?

Ask about treatment options, future outbreaks and when sexual contact should be avoided. Barrier protection can reduce risk but does not cover every area where the virus may be present. Partners may benefit from a clear, non-judgemental discussion about symptoms and risk.

Mention pregnancy or plans for pregnancy, because the care advice changes. Do not apply a treatment intended for an unrelated rash or share another person's prescription. If outbreaks recur, a doctor can help plan what to do early in an episode and when another examination is needed.

When does it need urgent care?

Inability to pass urine, severe pain, significant illness or concerning symptoms during pregnancy needs prompt assessment. A first episode can be more disruptive than expected and should not be managed by waiting indefinitely for an online message. Telehealth can support discussion, but swabs and examination may be necessary to confirm the cause.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.