Croup

Croup is a childhood illness in which swelling around the voice box and windpipe causes a distinctive barking cough and sometimes noisy breathing. It is usually associated with a virus. Severity can change, so the child's breathing, alertness and ability to drink matter more than the sound of the cough alone.

What does noisy breathing mean?

A harsh sound when breathing in is called stridor. It is different from the whistling wheeze often heard when breathing out. Noise at rest, visible effort to breathe or difficulty drinking needs prompt assessment. A recording can help describe the sound, but should never delay seeking care.

Keep the child calm and upright in a comfortable position while arranging advice. Do not use steam or hot water treatments that could cause burns. Avoid forcing food, drink or a throat examination when the child is struggling to breathe.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Croup - symptoms, causes and treatments - Healthdirect Australia.

Can a doctor assess croup online?

A remote consultation may help assess the history and decide where the child should be seen. However, a child with concerning breathing needs in-person care. Doctors assess the degree of airway narrowing and decide whether treatment or hospital observation is appropriate.

Tell the clinician the child's age, when the barking cough started, whether breathing is noisy when calm, and how well they are drinking. Mention previous episodes and any sudden onset during eating or play, because an inhaled object is a different emergency. Ask what signs should trigger escalation overnight.

When should I call 000?

Call 000 for severe breathing difficulty, blue lips, a child who is very drowsy or floppy, or inability to swallow with drooling. Do not wait for an online appointment. If symptoms are milder but worsening or you are unsure about breathing effort, seek urgent medical advice. Young children can deteriorate quickly and may need direct observation.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.