Constipation

Constipation means bowel movements are difficult to pass, less frequent than usual, or feel incomplete. Stools may be hard and lumpy, with straining or abdominal discomfort. Normal bowel patterns vary, so a change from your usual pattern is often more useful than comparing yourself with someone else's routine.

Why might constipation happen?

Changes in food, fluid intake, activity, routine or medicines can contribute. Pregnancy and some medical conditions also affect bowel function. A new or persistent change should be discussed with a clinician, especially if the cause is unclear or simple adjustments have not helped.

Keep a brief record of bowel movements, stool consistency, pain and any bleeding. Note recent travel, changes in eating and everything you take, including supplements. Tell the doctor if you feel blocked or need unusual manoeuvres to pass stool; these details may change the assessment.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Constipation - symptoms and treatment - Healthdirect Australia.

What can I safely try?

For uncomplicated symptoms, regular meals, suitable fluids, gradual dietary fibre changes and time to use the toilet can be helpful. Individual advice matters if you have a fluid restriction, significant bloating or another digestive condition. A sudden large increase in fibre is not the right answer for every situation.

Ask a pharmacist or doctor before repeatedly using bowel treatments, particularly for a child, during pregnancy or when symptoms are new. Do not stop a prescribed medicine on your own because you think it is contributing. A clinician can review the balance of benefits and unwanted effects.

When should I seek care?

Severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, marked swelling or inability to pass gas needs urgent assessment. Blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss or a persistent change in bowel habit also needs medical review. Telehealth can help gather the history, but an abdominal or other examination may be needed.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.