Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis, or BV, is a change in the usual balance of bacteria in the vagina. It can cause thin discharge and a noticeable smell, although some people have no symptoms. Similar symptoms can occur with other conditions, so assessment may be needed before deciding on treatment.

Is BV the same as thrush?

No. They have different underlying causes and may need different care. BV often involves a change in discharge or odour, while thrush commonly causes itching and irritation. Symptoms overlap, however, and neither appearance nor smell provides a reliable diagnosis on its own.

Avoid using a previous treatment simply because you have had vaginal symptoms before. Tell the clinician whether this is your first episode, whether symptoms recur and whether there is any chance of pregnancy. Pain, bleeding or urinary symptoms are important to mention rather than treating them as part of BV automatically.

For the Australian guidance behind this explanation, see Healthdirect Australia: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) - Healthdirect Australia.

What might the doctor ask or test?

The assessment may include questions about discharge, irritation, sexual health and products used around the vagina. A vaginal swab or examination may be appropriate. These questions help identify the cause and check whether testing for other infections is needed. You can ask how a sample will be collected and who will receive the result.

Avoid douching or using fragranced products internally. They are not a substitute for assessing the cause of symptoms. If BV keeps returning, ask for a review of the diagnosis and a plan for recurrence rather than repeatedly following an old prescription.

When should I seek prompt care?

Pelvic pain, fever, significant bleeding or feeling very unwell needs prompt medical assessment. Seek advice early during pregnancy. Telehealth can provide an initial discussion, but an examination or swab may be required. A doctor decides whether treatment can safely begin remotely and what follow-up is needed.

Where to go next

Read online doctor consultations to understand the relevant service. A doctor decides whether a consultation, examination, referral or another pathway is appropriate for your situation.